The chapter I’m currently working on for the Mapping Indo-European Thought project is a study of the two decades Benveniste and Dumézil were teaching in parallel at the Collège de France. I’ve been concentrating on Dumézil so far, but I plan to treat them in parallel.
In the 1950s, Dumézil keeps up a regular programme of books, which for most people would be remarkable productivity, but for him was actually a bit of slower than the previous decade. Beyond the pamphlet of his inaugural lecture, there were eight books, but only one was over 150 pages, and several were summarising previously treated themes. In the first part of the 1960s he doesn’t publish a book on Indo-European mythology, but concentrates on his second parallel career on Caucasian and Anatolian languages. This focus changes with his ‘bilan’ period of consolidation and reassessment, beginning with Archaic Roman Religion in 1966, and the volumes of Mythe et épopée that follow. (Of course, he was clearly working on those massive books earlier.) I’m planning to discuss the Caucasian material in a separate chapter, and certainly the ‘bilan’ period requires fuller treatment. But for the 1950s and early 1960s regarding his work on mythology it feels an easier array of work to treat than the 1938-49 period I discussed in an earlier chapter.
So many of Dumézil’s publications come from lectures that I’ve been weaving the treatment of teaching and publishing together as much as I can, rather than doing each separately. Here, I’m working with the course summaries published in the Annuaire du Collège de France and the Annuaire of the EPHE, as well as my notes on the archival remains of these courses. When I first proposed this project, I thought that there would be a lot more unpublished material from the teaching, but I’m now largely convinced that nearly all the worthwhile content found its way into print in some form. But it is not always obvious where and how, and some of the publications are in some very obscure outlets that are taking a bit of tracking down.
I’ll be speaking about both Benveniste and Dumézil in this period as “Indo-European Thought at the Collège de France” in November in an online Social Anthropology seminar at the University of St Andrews, and I’m grateful to Christos Lynteris for the invitation. I share details when they are available. The abstract reads:
Emile Benveniste and Georges Dumézil both lost their teaching positions under the Vichy regime, but for different reasons and with different outcomes. Benveniste was Jewish, had been captured shortly before the Armistice, and when he escaped, he went into exile in Switzerland. Before being deployed to Turkey, Dumézil had briefly been a Freemason and was excluded due to the laws on secret societies. He got his position back, remained in Paris, and published throughout the war with Gallimard. At the Liberation he was under suspicion of collaboration, and temporarily lost his position again. Benveniste returned to the Collège de France, and in 1949 proposed Dumézil for a chair in Indo-European civilisation. For the next two decades Benveniste and Dumézil taught there in parallel – Benveniste usually teaching one course on linguistics, and another on vocabulary; Dumézil teaching on mythology but also his interest in Caucasian languages and folklore. Some of their most important publications, including Dumézil’s Myth and Epic and Benveniste’s Vocabulary of Indo-European Institutions, were originally presented in their classes. Using teaching records, publications, archival materials and correspondence, this talk will discuss the period when Indo-European thought was at the centre of one of France’s elite institutions.
I had thought that the argument between Georges Dumézil and Nicolai Trubetzkoy in the 1930s was one of the more preposterous displays of academic petulance. As discussed in this great article by Stefanos Geroulanos and Jamie Philips, Dumézil took exception to Trubetzkoy’s review of one of his books, and had a privately-printed pamphlet of 50 pages circulated to respond. Later in his career there are on-going feuds with other scholars, such as the British classicist Herbert Jennings Rose, and the German Indologist Paul Thieme, who taught at Yale for a while. André Mazon’s unsuccessful attempt to block Dumézil’s election to the Collège de France and his successful opposition to Claude Lévi-Strauss’s first attempts seems to have been linked to his feud with Roman Jakobson (partly over the status of an Old Russian epic) and anyone deemed close to him. But I have now come across another one. Dumézil disputed Henrik Wagenvoort’s reading of the Latin terms maiestas and gravitas. He did this across eight lectures – the poor students! – and then in a book and an article (in French). Wagenvoort, who was Dutch, but often published in English and German, responded in a 20-page article, in Latin. I don’t know what’s more ridiculous – that Wagenvoort thought this was appropriate, or that a journal indulged him in this.
In some previous updates on this project I’ve mentioned I was working on a piece about Alexandre Koyré’s failure to get elected to the Collège de France. Initially it was intended to be a shorter piece, but the story seemed interesting to me and the archives revealed more than I expected, so it became a full-length article. I’m pleased to say that it was accepted by the History of European Ideas journal, and is available online first and open access here. In the twenty-five years since my first journal article, I don’t think I have ever had a piece where both referees recommended acceptance with no changes, and the editor agreed. I say a bit more about the piece here. I’ll be speaking about Koyré and Canguilhem at a workshop on Canguilhem and the Human Sciences in Bristol on 26 September, organised by Federico Testa. While Koyré is only a minor figure in the Indo-European project, since his interests are in other areas, he connects to it in various ways, and I have long been interested in his work. There are some other aspects of his career which I hope to research in the future.
I’ve also been working on the proofs of Dumézil’s Mitra-Varuna. It’s taken a while to reach this stage, as the manuscript was completed in 2022. I had to resist any temptation to rewrite the Introduction or add more notes – I know a lot more than I did when I did this work initially. it is now due for publication in December. And for the first time in several years, I was able to visit Garrick’s Temple to Shakespeare for the conference on “Shakespeare and the Reactionary Mind”. It was good to catch up with old friends there.

I’m Paris for another visit soon, planning to continue work on the Benveniste archive at the Bibliothèque nationale, as well as doing a little in some other archives. I’ve also been working through a long list of odd things to check in London’s libraries. Just recently, I discovered that some unpublished material by Benveniste is in Cambridge, so I’ll be making another trip there soon to take a look at this.
Previous updates on this project can be found here, along with links to some research resources and forthcoming publications. The re-edition of Georges Dumézil’s Mitra-Varuna is now scheduled for December 2024. There is a lot more about the earlier Foucault work here. The final volume of the series is The Archaeology of Foucault, and the special issue of Theory, Culture & Society I co-edited on “Foucault before the Collège de France” has some important contributions on the earlier parts of Foucault’s career, and is currently available free to access. My article “Foucault and Dumézil on Antiquity” is in the current issue of Journal of the History of Ideas; “Alexandre Koyré and the Collège de France” is online first and open access.







