Progressive Geographies

Ned Richardson-Little, The German Democratic Republic: The Rise and Fall of a Cold War State – Bloomsbury, August 2025

This book is a succinct yet comprehensive history of East Germany which provides a differentiated picture of the communist state. It offers a sophisticated analysis of life under dictatorship which candidly confronts the abuses of the East German Communist Party (SED) and the Stasi state security service. Ned Richardson-Little delves into the central contradictions of the GDR as a state meant to overcome the horrors of the Third Reich and create a new utopia, while itself a brutal dictatorship. He also convincingly argues that while the existence of the GDR was a product of the Cold War, it was also entangled in international politics well beyond the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. In this way, the book offers a history of the GDR in a global perspective that illustrates the worldview of those who ruled it, those who rebelled against the strictures of state socialism, and those in between who sought a normal life under dictatorship.

The German Democratic Republic traces the foundation of the GDR from its origins as the Soviet Zone of Occupation after the Second World War through key events such as the 1953 Uprising, the building of the Berlin Wall, the Helsinki Accords and the collapse of state socialism in 1989. Some of the key themes explored include the memory of Nazism and national identity, everyday life under dictatorship, the global politics of the GDR, the diversity of dissent and the competing visions for East Germany’s democratic future.

James Q. Whitman, From Masters of Slaves to Lords of Lands: The Transformation of Ownership in the Western World – Cambridge University Press, November 2024

Today we think of land as the paradigmatic example of property, while in the past, the paradigmatic example was often a slave. In this seminal work, James Q. Whitman asserts that there is no natural form of ownership. Whitman dives deep into the long Western history of this transformation in the legal imagination – the transformation from the ownership of humans and other living creatures to the ownership of land. This change extended over many centuries, coming to fruition only on the threshold of the modern era. It brought with it profound changes, not only in the way we understand ownership but also in the way we understand the state. Its most dramatic consequence arrived in the nineteenth century, with the final disappearance of the lawful private ownership of humans, which had been taken for granted for thousands of years.

Derek Sayer, Postcards from Absurdistan: Prague at the End of History – Princeton University Press, January 2025

Postcards from Absurdistan is a cultural history of Prague from 1938, when the Nazis destroyed Czechoslovakia’s artistically vibrant liberal democracy, to 1989, when the country’s socialist regime collapsed after more than four decades of communist party rule. Derek Sayer shows that Prague’s twentieth century, far from being a story of inexorable progress toward some “end of history,” whether fascist, communist, or democratic, was a tragicomedy of recurring nightmares played out in a land Czech dissidents dubbed Absurdistan. Situated in the eye of the storms that shaped the modern world, Prague holds up an unsettling mirror to the absurdities and dangers of our own times.

In a brilliant narrative, Sayer weaves a vivid montage of the lives of individual Praguers—poets and politicians, architects and athletes, journalists and filmmakers, artists, musicians, and comedians—caught up in the crosscurrents of the turbulent half century following the Nazi invasion. This is the territory of the ideologist, the collaborator, the informer, the apparatchik, the dissident, the outsider, the torturer, and the refugee—not to mention the innocent bystander who is always looking the other way and Václav Havel’s greengrocer whose knowing complicity allows the show to go on. Over and over, Prague exposes modernity’s dreamworlds of progress as confections of kitsch.

In a time when democracy is once again under global assault, Postcards from Absurdistan is an unforgettable portrait of a city that illuminates the predicaments of the modern world.

Krista A. Milne, The Destruction of Medieval Manuscripts in England – Oxford University Press, April 2025

The Dissolution of the Monasteries (1536-40) is widely held as the single most significant event in England’s history of the destruction and loss of medieval manuscripts. Despite this consensus, the ultimate impact of the Dissolution – and of medieval manuscript destruction during the centuries that followed – remains unclear. How did Reformation-era losses compare to those which preceded the Reformation, and to those that followed it? How did the losses caused by sectarian conflicts compare to more quotidian kinds of loss, such as improper storage or deliberate de-acquisition? Which manuscripts were targeted, when were they targeted, and how should one account for the inevitably skewed record?

In The Destruction of Medieval Manuscripts in England, Krista A. Milne asks these questions to better understand literary taste, behavioural patterns, and the circulation of knowledge throughout the medieval period. Milne explores methods drawn from quantitative codicology to explore the most significant moments of manuscript loss in the history of England. The evidence suggests that this destruction was much more limited in its targets, but far more extensive in scope, than is usually acknowledged. Overwhelmingly, throughout the investigation, the manuscripts most at risk were those considered too new to qualify as antique but too old to be au courant. This pattern of destruction, which Milne describes as the principle of ‘age without vintage,’ remains apparent in many different domains today.

Shane Bobrycki, The Crowd in the Early Middle Ages – Princeton University Press, November 2024

By the fifth and sixth centuries, the bread and circuses and triumphal processions of the Roman Empire had given way to a quieter world. And yet, as Shane Bobrycki argues, the influence and importance of the crowd did not disappear in early medieval Europe. In The Crowd in the Early Middle Ages, Bobrycki shows that although demographic change may have dispersed the urban multitudes of Greco-Roman civilization, collective behavior retained its social importance even when crowds were scarce.

Most historians have seen early medieval Europe as a world without crowds. In fact, Bobrycki argues, early medieval European sources are full of crowds—although perhaps not the sort historians have trained themselves to look for. Harvests, markets, festivals, religious rites, and political assemblies were among the gatherings used to regulate resources and demonstrate legitimacy. Indeed, the refusal to assemble and other forms of “slantwise” assembly became a weapon of the powerless. Bobrycki investigates what happened when demographic realities shifted, but culture, religion, and politics remained bound by the past. The history of crowds during the five hundred years between the age of circuses and the age of crusades, Bobrycki shows, tells an important story—one of systemic and scalar change in economic and social life and of reorganization in the world of ideas and norms.

Daniela R. P. Weiner, Teaching a Dark Chapter: History Books and the Holocaust in Italy and the Germanys – Cornell University Press, July 2024

Teaching a Dark Chapter explores how textbook narratives about the Fascist/Nazi past in Italy, East Germany, and West Germany followed relatively calm, undisturbed paths of little change until isolated “flashpoints” catalyzed the educational infrastructure into periods of rapid transformation. Though these flashpoints varied among Italy and the Germanys, they all roughly conformed to a chronological scheme and permanently changed how each “dark past” was represented. 

Historians have often neglected textbooks as sources in their engagement with the reconstruction of postfascist states and the development of postwar memory culture. But as Teaching a Dark Chapter demonstrates, textbooks yield new insights and suggest a new chronology of the changes in postwar memory culture that other sources overlook. Employing a methodological and temporal rethinking of the narratives surrounding the development of European Holocaust memory, Daniela R. P. Weiner reveals how, long before 1968, textbooks in these three countries served as important tools to influence public memory about Nazi/Fascist atrocities. 

As Fascism had been spread through education, then education must play a key role in undoing the damage. Thus, to repair and shape postwar societies, textbooks became an avenue to inculcate youths with desirable democratic and socialist values. Teaching a Dark Chapter weds the historical study of public memory with the educational study of textbooks to ask how and why the textbooks were created, what they said, and how they affected the society around them.

Aaron Aquilina, The Ontology of Death: The Philosophy of the Death Penalty in Literature – Bloomsbury, November 2024

Through examination of the death penalty in literature, Aaron Aquilina contests Heidegger’s concept of ‘being-towards-death’ and proposes a new understanding of the political and philosophical subject.

Dickens, Nabokov, Hugo, Sophocles and many others explore capital punishment in their works, from Antigone to Invitation to a Beheading. Using these varied case studies, Aquilina demonstrates how they all highlight two aspects of the experience. First, they uncover a particular state of being, or more precisely non-being, that comes with a death sentence, and, second, they reveal how this state exists beyond death row, as sovereignty and alterity are by no means confined to a prison cell.

In contrast to Heidegger’s being-towards-death, which individualizes the subject – only I can die my own death, supposedly – this book argues that, when condemned to death, the self and death collide, putting under erasure the category of subjectivity itself. Be it death row or not, when the supposed futurity of death is brought into the here and now, we encounter what Aquilina calls ‘relational death’. Living on with death severs the subject’s relation to itself, the other and political sociality as a whole, rendering the human less a named and recognizable ‘being’ than an anonymous ‘living corpse’, a human thing.

In a sustained engagement with Blanchot, Levinas, Hegel, Agamben and Derrida, The Ontology of Death articulates a new theory of the subject, beyond political subjectivity defined by sovereignty and beyond the Heideggerian notion of ontological selfhood.